The burning issue of the 21st century is one of the prominent factors for erupting destruction in the earth’s environment and is more vital to the human lifestyle; it is “Climate Change”.
The earth’s atmosphere is composed of different types of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO2) , water vapour (H2O), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), etc)these gases trap the suns heat and keep the earth warm. They create a warm blanket around the earth which is known as green house effect. If these gases were not there, the earth’s temperature would be – 18 degree centigrade.
However, if the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) increase in the atmosphere, it will trap more heat and the earth will get warmer and warmer disturbing all the natural balance leading to global warming.
It has been estimated that the cause of the climate change are due to the increase in the human made chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) as well as in the increase of gases like carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, sulphur oxide, methane and ozone. These gases act like a barrier which does not allow the heat to radiate to the space but reflects it back to the earth atmosphere.
As the earth’s environment is affected, its components are definitely the victim or the prime source for getting wiped out and eradicated. Similarly the natural biological diversity which includes the wildlife habitation and flora and fauna for instance Royal Bengal Tiger, one horned rhinoceros, red panda, herbal plants, ayurvedic plants, and herbs are in danger of getting extinct.
Among all the North Pole, South Pole and Third pole {mountainous region} like Indo Gigantic plains, Tibetan plateau, Rocky Mountains of North America, and European Alps are one of the perilous components. Glaciers are retreating rapidly. The snowlines are melting in rapid manner and the streams are rushing in rapid manner causing the high risk for GLOF {Glacier Lake Outburst Flood}. Simultaneously the ocean and sea level are mounting due to uprising temperature making the life of aquatic animal hazardous.
So hence every year various international seminar, conference and convection are held in various part of the world. A similar international conference was held in Nepal by ICIMOD {International Center for Integrated Mountain Development} which includes fifty scientists from Asia, Europe and North America. Such discussions are done aiming to reduce the climate change by raising public awareness, impact management issue and its strains by establishing policy map in most vulnerable areas around the globe.
Saturday, January 8, 2011
Thursday, January 6, 2011
Sustenance of negative thoughts:
Negative energy is the overabundance of the human character which engulfs as a trauma creating morbid impact. As a fact the primary outflow of negative attitudes are in working places of people. Mostly in the business organization, the impacts result budget restrains, diminutive business transactions, workload increase but in reality there’s no apparent significant result. As a matter of fact the “complaining” factor overrules the atmosphere. The employees can’t focus on their respective official objectives as there is lack of hope for better result of things. However, there is always an artifact to architecture the negative rooms of our mind and they are:
· Model of optimistic behavior:
Even though there’s a negative flow in the management within staff members, a positive belief should be set up. Your positive approach of confidence should be an example to the staffs. You should have a proper convincing power to clarify the core problem and should support staffs in needs. You should set a standard between yourself and fellow employees with positive activities.
· Admitting negativity:
As a matter of fact we should accept the disapproval and be in touch with the staffs so that you don’t hurt their sentiments. It’s appropriate to acknowledge their frustrating feelings of setback by asking a suggestion regarding the solution .This helps you and your company to tackle those challenges with different dimensions in an unproblematic way.
· A brighter side of the principle:
The prime factor is to identify the trouble and after the identification, discussion leads a solution to get arise. Hence within discussion, different opinions and views of employees should be analyzed. As a fact negligence shouldn’t be shown to the intention of staffs even if it’s impractical. Hence a negative business gets rectified into a positive one with thousand of little actions.
· A Positive appreciation:
Well, if there is a good performance and activity by the staff members, then you should provide a positive recognition with gratitude. This helps to encourage them for their responsibility and also boost their morals. We should not synchronize positive remarks with suggestions for improvement which devalues the recognition for many people.
· Abstain from complicity on negativity:
It’s easy to get indulged within the complaining and bitching of discussions. However it is wise not to get caught up in the negative complain rather manipulate the subject content seeking a solution for it which helps to overcome the problems.
Hence even though periods of negativity come across the mainline, you should always be determined to tackle the negative aspects in workplace and in your life as well. So you should be aware the” that it is little things that you do, day in and day out, that make it difference”.
· Model of optimistic behavior:
Even though there’s a negative flow in the management within staff members, a positive belief should be set up. Your positive approach of confidence should be an example to the staffs. You should have a proper convincing power to clarify the core problem and should support staffs in needs. You should set a standard between yourself and fellow employees with positive activities.
· Admitting negativity:
As a matter of fact we should accept the disapproval and be in touch with the staffs so that you don’t hurt their sentiments. It’s appropriate to acknowledge their frustrating feelings of setback by asking a suggestion regarding the solution .This helps you and your company to tackle those challenges with different dimensions in an unproblematic way.
· A brighter side of the principle:
The prime factor is to identify the trouble and after the identification, discussion leads a solution to get arise. Hence within discussion, different opinions and views of employees should be analyzed. As a fact negligence shouldn’t be shown to the intention of staffs even if it’s impractical. Hence a negative business gets rectified into a positive one with thousand of little actions.
· A Positive appreciation:
Well, if there is a good performance and activity by the staff members, then you should provide a positive recognition with gratitude. This helps to encourage them for their responsibility and also boost their morals. We should not synchronize positive remarks with suggestions for improvement which devalues the recognition for many people.
· Abstain from complicity on negativity:
It’s easy to get indulged within the complaining and bitching of discussions. However it is wise not to get caught up in the negative complain rather manipulate the subject content seeking a solution for it which helps to overcome the problems.
Hence even though periods of negativity come across the mainline, you should always be determined to tackle the negative aspects in workplace and in your life as well. So you should be aware the” that it is little things that you do, day in and day out, that make it difference”.
Saturday, January 1, 2011
Climate Change and Its Impact on Diversity
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather” or more rigorously as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of a time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years, as defined by WMO. These relevant quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state including a statistical description of the climate system. Weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given atmosphere at a given time. Weather refers to current activity, and not long-term atmospheric activities. A weather station is a facility with instruments and equipment to make observations of atmospheric conditions in order to provide information to make weather forecast and to study the weather and climate.
Weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given atmosphere at a given time. Weather refers to current activity, and not long-term atmospheric activities. A weather station is a facility with instruments and equipment to make observations of atmospheric conditions in order to provide information to make weather forecast and to study the weather and climate. The United Nations Frame work Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines “climate change” as: “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.” The UNFCCC thus makes a distinction between “climate change” attributable to human activities altering the atmospheric composition, and “climate variability” attributable to natural causes.
~Continued studies and observations document the past and current changes in climate.
~Expressed as a global average, surface temperatures have increased by about 0.74°C over the past hundred years between 1906 and 2005. An increase of 0.35°C occurred in the global average temperature from the 1910s to the 1940s, followed by a slight cooling (0.1°C), and then a rapid warming (0.55°C) up to the end of 2006 . The warmest years of the series are 1998 and 2005 and 11 of the 12 warmest years have occurred in the last 12 years (1995 to 2006).
~Tide gauge show that global sea level rose between 0.1 and 0.2 meters during the 20th century.
~Satellite data show that there are very likely to have been decreases of about 10% in the extent of snow cover since the late 1960s
~There has been a widespread retreat of mountain glaciers in the 20th century
~The global average temperature in 1901-2000 increased by 0.60C, which was greater than in any other century during the past 1000 years (IPCC, 2001a).
~Increased temperatures reduce the snow-to-rain ratio causing decreased glacier accumulation and reduced surface albedo resulting in accelerated glacier melt (Ageta et el., 2001).
~Seasonal hydrology, marginal agriculture and low income levels are more sensitive to climate change (IPCC, 2001b).
~Increased glacier melt in the Himalayas may cause serious floods in the hills and plains (IPCC, 2000 b).
~The impacts of climate change will be the highest for the least developed countries (DFID, 2004).
~Solar Energy enters into the earth in the form of visible light.
~30% of it is scattered back to space
~Remaining 70% reaches to the earth surface through the atmosphere
~Part of the energy radiates back into the space in the form of infra red radiation
~GHG block the escape of infra red radiation causing climate change effect
~Energy (fuel combustion and fugitive emissions from fuels)
~Industrial processes (mineral, chemical, metal production etc.)
~Solvent and other products
~Agriculture (rice cultivation, irrigation, manure management etc.)
~Wastes (disposal, incineration etc.)
~“It is likely that there has been significant anthropogenic warming over the past 50 years” (IPCC, 2007).
— Increasing likelihoods of floods, landslides and droughts
— Reduced river discharge during low flow for hydropower generation and irrigation.
— Widening gap between water demand and water availability
— Forced migration and loss of biodiversity and fertile land due to extreme events.
— Expansion of glacial lakes, which might be exploded resulting GLOF [Glacier lake out-burst flood], posing a great threat to the downstream population.
-Likelihood of water pollution and probabilities of increased rate of water-borne diseases.
-Extinction of endangered species and loss of flora and fauna.
-Affects the eco – system resulting in serious hamper to the various factors co- related with it.
Weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given atmosphere at a given time. Weather refers to current activity, and not long-term atmospheric activities. A weather station is a facility with instruments and equipment to make observations of atmospheric conditions in order to provide information to make weather forecast and to study the weather and climate. The United Nations Frame work Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines “climate change” as: “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.” The UNFCCC thus makes a distinction between “climate change” attributable to human activities altering the atmospheric composition, and “climate variability” attributable to natural causes.
~Continued studies and observations document the past and current changes in climate.
~Expressed as a global average, surface temperatures have increased by about 0.74°C over the past hundred years between 1906 and 2005. An increase of 0.35°C occurred in the global average temperature from the 1910s to the 1940s, followed by a slight cooling (0.1°C), and then a rapid warming (0.55°C) up to the end of 2006 . The warmest years of the series are 1998 and 2005 and 11 of the 12 warmest years have occurred in the last 12 years (1995 to 2006).
~Tide gauge show that global sea level rose between 0.1 and 0.2 meters during the 20th century.
~Satellite data show that there are very likely to have been decreases of about 10% in the extent of snow cover since the late 1960s
~There has been a widespread retreat of mountain glaciers in the 20th century
~The global average temperature in 1901-2000 increased by 0.60C, which was greater than in any other century during the past 1000 years (IPCC, 2001a).
~Increased temperatures reduce the snow-to-rain ratio causing decreased glacier accumulation and reduced surface albedo resulting in accelerated glacier melt (Ageta et el., 2001).
~Seasonal hydrology, marginal agriculture and low income levels are more sensitive to climate change (IPCC, 2001b).
~Increased glacier melt in the Himalayas may cause serious floods in the hills and plains (IPCC, 2000 b).
~The impacts of climate change will be the highest for the least developed countries (DFID, 2004).
~Solar Energy enters into the earth in the form of visible light.
~30% of it is scattered back to space
~Remaining 70% reaches to the earth surface through the atmosphere
~Part of the energy radiates back into the space in the form of infra red radiation
~GHG block the escape of infra red radiation causing climate change effect
~Energy (fuel combustion and fugitive emissions from fuels)
~Industrial processes (mineral, chemical, metal production etc.)
~Solvent and other products
~Agriculture (rice cultivation, irrigation, manure management etc.)
~Wastes (disposal, incineration etc.)
~“It is likely that there has been significant anthropogenic warming over the past 50 years” (IPCC, 2007).
— Increasing likelihoods of floods, landslides and droughts
— Reduced river discharge during low flow for hydropower generation and irrigation.
— Widening gap between water demand and water availability
— Forced migration and loss of biodiversity and fertile land due to extreme events.
— Expansion of glacial lakes, which might be exploded resulting GLOF [Glacier lake out-burst flood], posing a great threat to the downstream population.
-Likelihood of water pollution and probabilities of increased rate of water-borne diseases.
-Extinction of endangered species and loss of flora and fauna.
-Affects the eco – system resulting in serious hamper to the various factors co- related with it.
The Issues within Gender Issue
As the 21st century is an era of modernization, every vital aspects of our daily life have been reformed in the path of amelioration. As a fact the people’s analyzing capacity has definitely edified. Hence their concern regarding Gender Issues are reliable in respect with time. However Gender problems have been manipulated into a different path of diversion.
The gender subjects are basically orientated to the female gender’s state. The status of women has been prioritized as they have been considered to be a weaker sex. Hence promotion to uplift of women’s credibility is acceptable within the society but what about the ‘Chromosome X’. To alter the hypothetical history, male gender has never upheld the throne of gender dictatorship rather have also been backsliding in different factors.
It’s true that the male sex generous contribution to this complex generation is dynamic and as a result, they have entitled themselves with an attitude of positive self concept, dexterous thoughts, greater confidence and proper status. As a matter of fact they tend to be less volatile under the atmosphere of discrimination and harassment. This conceptual thought has been set up in the mentality of the people. However the story is unfolded with a different moral.
The male sex has been basically brushed off to compete in the cloud of dust filled with good salary, employment, social prestige, reputational image etc. They are forced to enter the world of employment and the income obtained from the job signifies their self esteem and their representation. Hence they steadily loose their grip of developmental skills they possessed. This results them to be more dependant on woman, wife to be more precise for their domestic needs.
The quest for self identification is another factor that arises every period within male gender and seriously if questioned “Who are you?” then in reply “What I do” would be the answer. Similarly, if circumstances of unemployment erupt then the turmoil of shock submerge the self esteem of male. This leads the huddle situation to be vile. Hence to be honest the society could be blamed for the fact. I believe the society always expects male gender to be imbecile and eccentric indulging competitiveness, independence, boldness, and aggressiveness even though we have volition to be expressive, compassionate and caring.
So the restrained narrow minded society’s evaluating concept in regard to male sex should be recuperated and rejuvenated with the advancement in this 21st century. Similarly the fact of dealing with the modern women of enhanced version is a challenge so the way to behave with them should be maintained by substantial manner and the stereotype attitude we have should be suppressed. A proper gender consciousness should be retained in our lives for gender equality. There must be an environment with equivalent rights for both male and female gender. So let us, both male and female gender address the Gender issues joining hand in hand to create a brighter future for our children without gender inequity.
The gender subjects are basically orientated to the female gender’s state. The status of women has been prioritized as they have been considered to be a weaker sex. Hence promotion to uplift of women’s credibility is acceptable within the society but what about the ‘Chromosome X’. To alter the hypothetical history, male gender has never upheld the throne of gender dictatorship rather have also been backsliding in different factors.
It’s true that the male sex generous contribution to this complex generation is dynamic and as a result, they have entitled themselves with an attitude of positive self concept, dexterous thoughts, greater confidence and proper status. As a matter of fact they tend to be less volatile under the atmosphere of discrimination and harassment. This conceptual thought has been set up in the mentality of the people. However the story is unfolded with a different moral.
The male sex has been basically brushed off to compete in the cloud of dust filled with good salary, employment, social prestige, reputational image etc. They are forced to enter the world of employment and the income obtained from the job signifies their self esteem and their representation. Hence they steadily loose their grip of developmental skills they possessed. This results them to be more dependant on woman, wife to be more precise for their domestic needs.
The quest for self identification is another factor that arises every period within male gender and seriously if questioned “Who are you?” then in reply “What I do” would be the answer. Similarly, if circumstances of unemployment erupt then the turmoil of shock submerge the self esteem of male. This leads the huddle situation to be vile. Hence to be honest the society could be blamed for the fact. I believe the society always expects male gender to be imbecile and eccentric indulging competitiveness, independence, boldness, and aggressiveness even though we have volition to be expressive, compassionate and caring.
So the restrained narrow minded society’s evaluating concept in regard to male sex should be recuperated and rejuvenated with the advancement in this 21st century. Similarly the fact of dealing with the modern women of enhanced version is a challenge so the way to behave with them should be maintained by substantial manner and the stereotype attitude we have should be suppressed. A proper gender consciousness should be retained in our lives for gender equality. There must be an environment with equivalent rights for both male and female gender. So let us, both male and female gender address the Gender issues joining hand in hand to create a brighter future for our children without gender inequity.
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